Tenses

Present Continuous Tense

English Grammar for proficiency: The Simple Present Tense 
The Simple Present Tense is usually used to talk about regular actions or general truths. 
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 130.6px; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 26.2559%;"><col style="width: 73.7441%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 43.5334px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">Affirmative </td>
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/You/We/They +&nbsp;V1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">&nbsp; He/She/It + V1 + -s </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="height: 43.5334px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">Negative </td>
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px;">I/You/We/They +&nbsp;do + not + V1 </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; He/She/It + does + not + V1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 43.5334px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">Question </td>
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px;">Do +&nbsp;I/You/We/They + V1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Does + He/She/It + V1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid #E6EBEF;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example </td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">I love you.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; He sings well.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">I do not love you.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">I don't love you.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; He does not sing.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">He doesn't sing.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">Do you love me?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Does he sing?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Do you not love me?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Don't you love me?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Does she not sing?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Doesn't she sing?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 98.3917%; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(250, 252, 253);" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 1.32701%;"><col style="width: 97.6793%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">Time Expressions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">always, usually, generally, often, sometimes, occasionally, never, every day/week/year etc., once a day, twice a week, three times a year, on Sundays, on Saturday nights, on Monday mornings, on weekdays/weekends, at night/noon, in the morning/afternoon/evening </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Usage </h2>
<h3>Habit </h3>
It's used when we talk about habits, daily routines, repeated actions or repeated events, usually with adverbs of frequency such as 'always, sometimes, usually, often, never'. 
・ I always get up early. 
・ He likes playing chess.&nbsp;
・ John drinks tea every day.&nbsp;
・ We go swimming twice a week. 
・ How often do you go running? 
・ They watch TV in the evening.
<h3>General Truth </h3>
It is used to indicate a permanent situation or a general truth. 
・My name is Maria.&nbsp;
・He works in Germany.&nbsp; 
・Where do you live?&nbsp; 
・It doesn't rain much here. 
・Tom knows three languages.&nbsp;
<h3>Scientific Fact </h3>
It is used to indicate situations that are accepted as true by everyone, such as laws of nature or scientific facts. 
・The sun sets in the west.&nbsp; 
・Every atom has a nucleus. 
・The Earth orbits around the Sun. 
・Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. 
・The human body is made up of cells.
<h3>Now </h3>
It is used with 'stative verbs' to express a current feeling or thought.
・I feel dizzy.&nbsp;
・You look awful.
・I want to drink water.&nbsp;
・I don't understand you.&nbsp;
<h3>Future</h3>
It is used to indicate that something is scheduled to happen in the future, usually&nbsp;with adverbs of time such as&nbsp;'tomorrow,&nbsp;next week, this evening'. 
・The school starts next week.&nbsp;
・The concert starts at 7 p.m. tonight.
・The plane arrives at 09.45 tomorrow.&nbsp; 
<h3>Clause</h3>
It is used as a clause with conjunctions such as&nbsp;'if, when, while, after, before, unless'.
・If it rains, we'll get wet. 
・I will visit my uncle before I leave.&nbsp;
・We listen to music while we work. 
・I'll give something to him when I see him.&nbsp; 
<h3>Instruction</h3>
It is used in sentences giving orders, instructions or directions.
・Call the police. 
・You two help me. 
・You turn the key to start the car.
・Go straight for one mile and then turn right.
<h3>Narrative</h3>
It is used to narrate a story, tale, book, movie, or match.
・The prince goes to the forest and...&nbsp;
・The player kicks the ball and scores a goal.
<h3>Quotation </h3>
It is used to introduce the quotation or paraphrase someone's words.
・The Bible says do everything in love. 
・The report warns that a global water crisis is likely.
<h3>News&nbsp; </h3>
It is used instead of the past tense in news headlines.
・Five soldiers die in Iraq.&nbsp;
・Four people injure in the collision.&nbsp;
<h3>There/Here</h3>
It is used in phrases 'there goes.., here comes...'. 
・Here comes your daughter. 
・There goes the bus we were supposed to catch.

Simple Present Tense

'Simple Present Tense' and 'Present Continuous Tense'

Comprehensive English Grammar: The Simple Past Tense 
The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about events or actions that happened and finished in the past.
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 127.6px; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 26.2559%;"><col style="width: 73.7441%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 42.5334px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Affirmative </td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They + V2 + object </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="height: 42.5334px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Negative </td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They&nbsp;+ did + not + V1 + object </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 42.5334px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Question </td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">Did&nbsp;+&nbsp;I/You/He/She/It/We/They&nbsp;+ V1 + object </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid #E6EBEF;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example </td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">I went there.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; It rained a lot.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">I did not go there.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">I didn't go there.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; It did not rain a lot.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">It didn't rain a lot.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">Did you go there?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Did it rain a lot?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Did&nbsp;you not go there?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Didn't you go there?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Did it not rain a lot?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Didn't it rain a lot?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-width: 0px; background-color: #fafcfd;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px; width: 1.60985%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px; width: 96.875%;">Time Expressions</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px; width: 1.60985%;">&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px; width: 1.60985%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px; width: 96.875%;">yesterday; yesterday evening, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday ago; five minutes ago, an hour ago, one day ago, two months ago, years ago last; last night, last week, last year, last Friday, last summer </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Usage </h2>
It is used to talk about events that happened and finished in the past.
・I saw her yesterday.&nbsp;
・He graduated last month.&nbsp;
・He went to France five years ago.&nbsp; 
・I learned how to ride a bike when I was six years old. 
 ☞ These events may have happened in the recent or distant past.
・Shakespeare died in 1616.&nbsp; 
・He started a new job two days ago.&nbsp; 
 ☞ These events may have been short or long-lasting.
・John lived in Germany for 5 years.&nbsp; 
・I just slept for a few hours last night.&nbsp; 
 It is used to talk about past habits or actions that happened regularly or repeatedly.
・He went abroad several times last year.&nbsp; 
・We often went to the beach on weekends.&nbsp; 
・I sometimes played football when I was in school. 
・She went camping every summer when she was young. 
 It is used to describe a series of events that happened in the past or to tell a story, fairy tale, etc. 
・He drank water, looked at me and sat down.&nbsp; 
・Once upon a time, there was a princess who lived in a magnificent castle. She...
・One night, Tom decided to write a novel. When he sat down at his desk, he heard a strange sound and... 
<h3>Notes</h3>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.019%; background-color: #fff8f8;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 1.70584%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 98.2752%;">💬 The simple past tense is used as 'subject + v2 + object' in affirmative sentences, but it can also be used as 'subject + did + v1 + object' to emphasize the verb. &bull; I went there. &bull; I did go there. 💬 The simple past tense is used with interrogative pronouns as 'what/when... + did'. However, with the subject pronoun 'who' it can be used with or without 'did' - it is more common without 'did'. &bull; Who did discover America? &bull; Who discovered America?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Simple Past Tense

English grammar for proficiency: The Past Continuous Tense. 
The Past Continuous Tense&nbsp;is usually used to talk about events that were happening at a certain time in the past. It is not a matter of when the event in the past started and ended, but that it continued to happen in the mentioned time period. 
&bull; We started playing tennis at 3 o'clock. We stopped playing tennis at 5 o'clock. 
&bull; We were playing tennis at 4 o'clock. 
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; width: 100.194%; height: 130.6px;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 21.5731%;"><col style="width: 78.3883%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 43.5334px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">Affirmative </td>
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/He/She/It + was + Ving </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">&nbsp; You/We/They&nbsp;+ were + Ving </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="height: 43.5334px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">Negative </td>
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px;">I/He/She/It + was + not + Ving </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; You/We/They + were + not +&nbsp;Ving</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 43.5334px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; border-image: initial; --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(17, 24, 39); font-family: Inter, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, 'Noto Sans', sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji'; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; border: 0px solid rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity));"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-image: initial; --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; color: rgb(59, 101, 129); border: 0px solid rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity));">Question </td>
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px;">Was + I/He/She/It + Ving </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.7667px;">
<td style="height: 21.7667px; border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Were&nbsp;+ You/We/They&nbsp; +&nbsp;Ving</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid #E6EBEF;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example </td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">I was working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; They were working. &nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">He was not working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">He wasn't working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; We were not working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">We weren't working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">Was she working?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Were you working?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Was he not working?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Wasn't he working?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Were we not working?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Weren't we working?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 98.3917%; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(250, 252, 253);" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">Time Expressions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">when, while, as, just as, all morning/night/afternoon (+ long), yesterday, yesterday morning/evening, this time yesterday, this time last year/month/week, yesterday at 7 o'clock, last night at 8 o'clock, at the time, at that time, from...to..., during</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Usage </h2>
It is used to talk about events that took place at a certain time in the past. 
・&nbsp;It was raining yesterday morning.
・In 2015 they were living in Germany. 
・They were talking on the phone all night. 
・It was nine o'clock. I was doing my homework.&nbsp; 
・We were watching a movie at 9 o'clock last night. 
・This time last year, I was working in a different company.
 It is used when talking about events that continued for an unspecified period of time in the past. 
・She was sleeping. 
・He was looking for his keys.
 It is used when talking about events that took place between two time periods in the past. 
・He was studying from nine to eleven yesterday morning. 
・The workers were building the bridge between April and September. 
 The 'Past Continuous + Simple Past' structure indicates that something happened while another event in the past was ongoing. 
・When I got up, the sun was rising.
・You were sleeping when I got home. 
・My phone rang while I was having breakfast. 
 The 'Past Continuous + Past Continuous' structure indicates that two events were happening at the same time in the past.
・He was watching TV when I was reading a book.
・He was listening to music while he was working. 
・We were walking in the park as the sun was setting. 
 It is used in storytelling.
・Once upon a time, a young woman named Rachel was walking through the forest... 
・It was a beautiful summer evening. We were talking about our dreams as we were walking in the park... 
 It is used to describe changing or developing events in the past.
・The city was changing quickly.
・My English was improving.
 It is used to indicate that repetitive actions or events in the past are disturbing or excessive.
・They were always quarreling.
・She was doing yoga every day.
 Generally, stative verbs are not used in the past continuous tense.
&nbsp;✗ <del>I was knowing him</del>. &nbsp;✓ I knew him.
&nbsp;✗ <del>I was wanting to be a doctor.</del> &nbsp;✓ I wanted to be a doctor.

Past Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Tense

English Grammar for proficiency: The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 
The Present Perfect Progressive Tense , also known as, The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to indicate that something started in the past and continues until the moment of speaking. 
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 133.95px; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 26.2559%;"><col style="width: 73.7441%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 22.325px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 44.65px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">Affirmative</td>
<td style="height: 22.325px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/You/We/They + have + been + Ving</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.325px;">
<td style="height: 22.325px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">&nbsp; He/She/It&nbsp; + has + been + Ving</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.325px;">
<td style="height: 44.65px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">Negative</td>
<td style="height: 22.325px; border-width: 1px;">I/You/We/They + have + not + been + Ving </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.325px;">
<td style="height: 22.325px; border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; He/She/It + has + not + been&nbsp;+ Ving</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.325px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 44.65px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">Question</td>
<td style="height: 22.325px; border-width: 1px;">Have&nbsp;+ I/You/We/They + been + Ving</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.325px;">
<td style="height: 22.325px; border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Has&nbsp;+ He/She/It + been + Ving</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 235, 239);" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2439%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.245%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example </td>
<td style="width: 43.503%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2439%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td style="width: 44.245%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">I have been working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.503%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">I've been working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.245%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; He has been working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.503%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">He's&nbsp;been working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2439%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td style="width: 44.245%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">You have not been working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.503%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">You haven't been working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.245%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; She has not been working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.503%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">She hasn't been working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2439%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td style="width: 44.245%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">Have they been working?&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 43.503%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.245%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Has she been working?</td>
<td style="width: 43.503%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2439%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 44.245%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Have you not been working?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.503%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Haven't you&nbsp;been working?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.245%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Has he not been working?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.503%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Hasn't he&nbsp;been working?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
 It is used for events that started in the past and are continuing at the moment of speaking. It is often used with adverbs: for, since and how long. 
・I have been waiting for two hours.
・He has been working since morning.
・How long has it been raining?
 It can be used for events that started in the past and are not continuing at the time of speaking. The action may have ended just before the moment of speaking, or its effect may continue at the moment of speaking. It is usually used with adverbs: recently, lately, all day, all week etc. 
・I've been working all day and I'm very tired now.
・I've been feeling very tired recently.
・You look so tired. What have you been doing?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

What is the difference between 'present perfect tense' and 'present perfect continuous tense'? Usages of 'present perfect tense' and 'present perfect continuous tense'. 
The&nbsp;present perfect continuous tense is used to indicate events that started in the past and continue until the moment of speaking, especially temporary or short-term situations.

・He has been waiting for two hours.

・He has been working too much recently. 
・It has been raining since yesterday morning. 
・How long have you been reading that book?

・I have been living with my friend for two weeks. 
・He has been working from home due to the pandemic.
 The present perfect tense is preferred to express permanent or long-lasting situations that started in the past and continue until the moment of speaking.



・She has lived in France all her life. 


・He has worked at the same company since 2000. 

・The church has stood in this location for 200 years. 

 Stative verbs are not used with the present perfect continuous tense. 


✗ <s>I have been knowing him for a long time.</s> ✓ I have known him for a long time.

✗ <s>He has been being busy all day.</s> ✓ He has been busy all day.
✗ <s>How long have you been having your car?</s> ✓ How long have you had your car? 
 The present perfect continuous tense is used to indicate an event that started in the past, ended before the moment of speaking, and has an&nbsp;ongoing effect. 
・He is tired because he has been working hard today. 
・Why are your eyes red? Have you been crying? 
・Your hands are dirty. What have you been doing? 
 The present perfect tense is used to indicate an event that happened in the past and has a result now. 
・I&rsquo;ve lost my keys. I can't get in. 
・I have cleaned the kitchen. It's clean now. 
・I can't play football because I have broken my leg.
 The present perfect tense is used to indicate how many times or how many actions have been done. The following expressions are commonly used in this case: 'how many, how many times, how much, always, never, ever, sometimes, once, twice, several times', which indicate frequency or quantity. 
・We have seen that movie twice. 
・She has always wanted to visit Italy. 
・How many pages have you read so far? 
 The present perfect tense is used to indicate that an action has been completed, and the present perfect continuous tense is used to indicate that an action continues. The adverbs 'just, already, yet' are not used with the present perfect continuous tense as they indicate a completed action. 
・I haven't finished the report yet. 
・They have just arrived at the airport.

'Present Perfect Tense' and 'Present Perfect Continuous Tense'

What is the difference between 'present perfect tense' and 'simple past tense'? Usages of 'present perfect tense' and 'simple past tense'.
The present perfect tense is used to indicate an event that started in the past and still continues or has a result now. The simple past tense is used to indicate an event that started and ended in the past. 

・I have lived in Germany for five years. (I still live in Germany.) 

・I lived in Germany for five years.&nbsp;(I no longer live in Germany.) 


・I washed the car, but now it's dirty again. 
・I have washed the car. It's clean now. 
・I met her at the party, but I have forgotten his name.
 Words that indicate a specific period of time, such as 'yesterday, last week, two days ago', are only used with the simple past tense. 


・I didn't see him yesterday.

・It was very cold last night.

・He arrived twenty minutes ago.

・When did you finish your homework?

・I lived in France&nbsp;when I was a child.

・What time did you have your dinner?
 With the expressions 'today, this morning, this week, this month, this year', the simple past tense is used when talking about a finished time period, and the present perfect tense is used when talking about an unfinished time period. 


・I haven't drunk coffee this morning. (The morning continues - I can still drink coffee.) 

・I didn't drink coffee this morning.&nbsp;(The morning is over - I can drink coffee in the afternoon.) 
 If 'before' is used with the present perfect tense, it emphasizes a past experience; and with the simple past tense, it emphasizes the past. 


&bull; I have read this book before.&nbsp;(Experience - emphasizes that I have read the book.) 

&bull; I read this book before.&nbsp;(Past - emphasizes that I read it before.) 
 The adverbs 'already, yet, just' are generally used with the present perfect tense. But in American English, especially in spoken language, the simple past tense is preferred. 


・He has already left. ・He already left. (American)

・I haven't finished yet. ・I didn't finish yet.&nbsp;(American)

・He has just arrived. ・He just arrived. (American)

'Present Perfect Tense' and 'Simple Past Tense'

English Grammar for proficiency: The Past Perfect Tense
As a general rule, the Past Perfect Tense&nbsp;is used to indicate that an event that happened in the past occurred before another event or time period in the past.
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 127.6px; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 26.2559%;"><col style="width: 73.7441%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 42.5334px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Affirmative</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/You/We/They/He/She/It + had + V3</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="height: 42.5334px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Negative</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">I/You/We/They/He/She/It + had + not + V3 </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 42.5334px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Question</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">Had + I/You/We/They/He/She/It + V3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid #E6EBEF;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example </td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">I had gone.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">I'd gone.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; They had gone.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">They'd gone.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">She had not&nbsp;gone.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">She hadn't gone.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; You had not gone. &nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">You hadn't gone.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">Had you gone?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Had he gone?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Had they not gone?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Hadn't they gone?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Had&nbsp;he not gone?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Hadn't he gone?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Usage</h2>
It is used to indicate that an event that happened in the past occurred before a time period in the past.

・He had moved to Germany before 2010.

・He had bought a car by the time he was 20.

・I had never gone abroad until last week.
 It is used to indicate that one of two events happened before the other in the past. 


・We went out after the rain had stopped.

・He had visited me before he went on holiday. 

・He had arrived when you called.

・He was unhappy because he had failed the exam.

・I didn't hear anything. Had he said something? 
<h3>Notes</h3>

<table style="background-color: rgb(255, 250, 250); border-collapse: collapse; border-width: 0px;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">☞ 'Simple past + when + simple past' indicates that two events happened at the same time, 'past perfect + when + simple past' indicates that one action occurred before the other. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">The rain stopped when I went out. (The rain stopped the moment I went outside.) The rain had stopped when I went out. (The rain stopped before we went out.) </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="background-color: rgb(255, 250, 250); border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>☞ 'When + past perfect + simple past' is used to indicate that an event happened just before something else. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>When I had finished my work, I called her. (He called her as soon as he finished work.) My work had finished when I called her. (The work was done before calling her.)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="background-color: rgb(255, 250, 250); border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 0.94697%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 99.053%;">☞  Before can be used with both 'past perfect' and 'simple past', as in the examples below. Although both sentences have the same meaning, the sentence used with the past perfect tense has more emphasis. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 0.94697%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 99.053%;">I arrived before Tom had left. I arrived before Tom left.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Past Perfect Tense

English Grammar for proficiency: The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The Past Perfect Continuous tense is another English tense we use when talking about the past. As a general rule, it is used to indicate an event that started in the past, continued for a while, and finished before another event that happened in the past. 
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 129.7px; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 26.2559%;"><col style="width: 73.7441%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 22.325px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 44.65px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Affirmative</td>
<td style="height: 22.325px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They&nbsp;+ had + been + Ving</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 42.525px;">
<td style="height: 42.525px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Negative</td>
<td style="height: 42.525px; border-width: 1px;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They + had + not + been&nbsp;+ Ving </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 42.525px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 42.525px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Question</td>
<td style="height: 42.525px; border-width: 1px;">Had + I/You/He/She/It/We/They&nbsp;+ been + Ving</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 235, 239);" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">I had been working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">I'd been working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: justify;">&nbsp; He had been working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">He'd been working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">You had not been working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">You hadn't been working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; We had not been working.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">We hadn't been working.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">Had they been working?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Had she been working?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Had&nbsp;you not been working?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Hadn't you &nbsp;been working?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Had&nbsp;he not been working?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Hadn't&nbsp;he&nbsp;been working?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Usage</h2>
It is used to indicate that an event started in the past, continued for some time in the past, and finished before a certain time period in the past.
・He had been drinking water when I came in.

・I had been waiting for an hour&nbsp;when they arrived.

・The ground was wet. It had been raining for hours.

・She had been doing yoga everyday before she broke her leg.
・I'd been living in Paris for three years when we got divorced.
・By the time I got there, they had been playing for 10 minutes.
・I was tired&nbsp;because I had been standing for a long time.
・He was a great singer. He had been singing ever since he was 7.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

English Grammar for proficiency: The Simple Future Tense.
The Simple Future Tense is a tense used to express events or actions that will take place in the future. It is usually used to indicate predictions, facts or immediate decisions about the future. 
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 127.6px; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 26.2559%;"><col style="width: 73.7441%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 42.5334px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Affirmative</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will + V1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="height: 42.5334px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Negative</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They&nbsp;+ will + not + V1 </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 42.5334px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Question</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">Will + I/You/He/She/It/We/They&nbsp;+ V1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid #E6EBEF;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">I will go.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">I'll go.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; He will go.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">He'll go.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">She will not go.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">She won't go.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; They will not go.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">They won't go.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">Will you go?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Will we go?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Will you not&nbsp;go?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Won't you go?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Will you not&nbsp;go?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Won't he go?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Usage </h2>
1. It is used to indicate an action that is decided to be done at the moment of speaking. 
・I am very thirsty. I will drink water.&nbsp;
・Someone is at the door. I'll go and open it.
・It's too hot today. I think I will go for a swim. 
・What would you like to drink? I will have coffee, please. 
 2. It is used to express a prediction about the future, usually with the words 'think, guess, expect, believe, wonder, sure, probably, perhaps'. 
・I think I'll be late tonight. 
・I wonder what will happen.
・I'm sure you'll pass the exam.
・It will probably rain tomorrow.
・I don't think the party will be fun.
 3. It is used to indicate a fact about the future or an event that is expected to happen. 
・Winter will come again. 
・He'll be a father soon. 
・He will turn 18 next week. 
・The train will arrive at 10:30.
・The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning.
 4. It is used when making an offer or request. 
・Will you marry me?
・Will you join us for lunch?
・Will you please close the door?
・Will you have another slice of cake?
・That box looks heavy. I'll help you carry it.
 5. It is used to express a promise or determination about the future. 
・I will never give up.
・I promise, I&rsquo;ll help you. 
・I will finish this project by tomorrow.
・I know it is a secret. I won't tell anyone.
<h3>Shall</h3>
"Shall" was often used in the past to express future events or actions instead of 'will'. Although it is less common than in the past, it continues to be used in some cases today. 
 It is used with the subjects 'I' and 'we' when making a suggestion or offer. It expresses a more emphatic meaning compared to 'will'. 
・Shall we go for a walk?
・Shall I open the window?
 It is used with the subjects 'I' and 'we' to indicate a feeling, intention or promise. It has a more formal meaning compared to 'will'. 
・I shall call you tomorrow.
・I shall be glad to help you. 
・I shall never forget your kindness.
 It is used in formal language to indicate a future event, obligation or order. 
・The committee shall meet once a month.
・The tenant shall pay the rent on the first of every month.

Simple Future Tense 'Will/Shall'

Be Going To

What is the difference between 'will' and 'going to'? Uses of 'will' and 'going to'.
'Will' and 'Going to' both refer to the future tense. Although they are often used interchangeably, their meanings are different. 
<h2>Usage</h2>

<h4>Will</h4>
1.&nbsp;It is used to indicate an action that is decided to be done at the moment of speaking.
・Someone is at the door. I&rsquo;ll go and open it.
・I'm very thirsty. I will drink water. 
・It's too hot today. I think I will go for a swim.
&nbsp; 2. It is used to express a prediction about the future, often with the verbs 'think, guess, expect, believe, wonder' or the adverbs 'sure, probably, perhaps'. 
・I will probably be late tonight.
・I think he&rsquo;ll pass the exam.
・I wonder what will happen.
&nbsp; 3.&nbsp;It is used to indicate a fact about the future.
・Winter will come again.
・He&rsquo;ll be a father soon.
・He will turn 18 next week. 
&nbsp; 4. It is used when making an offer or request. 
・Will you join us for lunch? 
・Will you have another slice of cake?
・That box looks heavy. I'll help you carry it.
 5. It is used to express a promise or resolution. 
・I will never give up.
・I promise, I&rsquo;ll help you. 
・I will finish this project by tomorrow.
<h4>Be Going to</h4>
1. It is used to express a prediction that we believe will happen in the future, based on evidence or indication. 
・The weather is cloudy. It&rsquo;s going to rain.
・Look out! You&rsquo;re going to fall down.
・He's going to win the race; he's been training hard for months.
&nbsp; 2. It is used to indicate a decision, plan, or intention regarding the future. 
・I&rsquo;m going to buy a new car.
・What are you going to do this weekend?
・I'm going to study medicine after I finish high school.
<h2>Comparison </h2>
<h4>Prediction </h4>
Both 'will' and 'going to' can be used when talking about a prediction about the future or reporting an event that we think will happen in the future. Generally, 'going to' is preferred in spoken language and 'will' is preferred in written language. 
・I think it will rain soon. ・I think it's going to rain soon.
・She will be a famous writer one day. ・She's going to be a famous writer one day.
・House prices will increase next year.&nbsp; ・House prices are going to increase next year. 
 If the prediction about the future is based on evidence or indication, 'going to' is preferred; if it is based on one's own experiences or ideas, 'will' is preferred. 
・Mia has been studying all night. She's going to ace the exam.
・Mia is a hard-working student. I'm sure she will ace the exam.
・The traffic is terrible. We're going to be late for the meeting.
・He will probably be late for the meeting, as usual.
<h4>Decision </h4>
'Will' is used to indicate a decision taken at the moment of speaking, and 'going to' is used to indicate a decision taken before the moment of speaking. 
・I've decided. I'm going to buy a new phone. 
・I can't find my keys. I will check the living room.
・&lsquo;Tom got sick.&rsquo; &lsquo;I didn&rsquo;t know. I&rsquo;ll go and visit him.&rsquo;
・&lsquo;Tom got sick.&rsquo; &lsquo;I know. I'm going to visit him tomorrow.&rsquo;

'Will' and 'Be Going To'

English Grammar for proficiency: Usage of future continuous tense 'will + be + Ving'. 
The Future Continuous Tense is used to talk about events that we think will continue to happen in the future. It is used less frequently than 'will' and 'going to'. It is preferred to emphasize that the future event will continue for some time.
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 127.6px; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 26.2559%;"><col style="width: 73.7441%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 42.5334px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Affirmative </td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will + be + Ving</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="height: 42.5334px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Negative</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They&nbsp;+ will + not + be + Ving </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 42.5334px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Question</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">Will + I/You/He/She/It/We/They + be + Ving</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid #E6EBEF;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td>I will be sleeping.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">I'll be sleeping.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; He will&nbsp;be sleeping.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">He'll&nbsp;be sleeping.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td>She will not be sleeping.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">She won't&nbsp;be sleeping.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; They will not&nbsp;be sleeping.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">They won't&nbsp;be sleeping.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td>Will you be sleeping?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Will we be sleeping?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td>Will you not be sleeping?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Won't you be sleeping?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Will you not be sleeping?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Won't he be sleeping?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Usage </h2>
It is used when we talk about events that we think will happen at a certain time in the future.
・We will be having dinner when you arrive. 
・By 2040, most people will be using electric cars. 
・She will be taking the bus to work every morning next week. 
 It is used to talk about planned&nbsp;future events that will take place at a specific time. 
・I will be working on the project all morning. 
・This time next year, I will be traveling around Europe.
 It is used when when politely asking about a person's plans. 
・Will you be attending the meeting tomorrow?
・What will you be doing at 8 o'clock tonight?

Future Continuous Tense

English Grammar for proficiency: future perfect tense.
The Future Perfect Tense is used to talk about events that will be completed by a certain point in time in the future. 
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 127.6px; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 26.2559%;"><col style="width: 73.7441%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 42.5334px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Affirmative</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will + have + V3</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="height: 42.5334px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Negative</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will + not + have + V3 </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 42.5334px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Question</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">Will + I/You/He/She/It/We/They + have + V3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid #E6EBEF;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example </td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td>I will have gone.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">I'll have gone.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; He will have gone.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">He'll have gone.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td>She will not have gone.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">She won't have gone.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; They will not have gone.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">They won't have gone.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td>Will you have gone?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Will we have gone?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td>Will you not have gone?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Won't you have gone?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Will we not have gone?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Won't we have gone?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 98.3917%; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(250, 252, 253);" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">Time Expressions </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px;">by, by this time, by the time, by next week, by next month, by next year, by the end of, by then, in, in a week's time, in five months' time, in four years' time, when </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Usage</h2>
It is used when talking about events that we think will be completed before a certain time in the future.
・They will have arrived by the time the party starts. 
・By next week, I will have finished the report. 
・He will have graduated from university by next year. 
・In two years' time, they will have renovated the entire house. 
・By the end of the day, he will have fixed the broken appliance. 
・He's coming next week. I'll have finished repairing the car by then. 
・By this time next week, he will have traveled to five different countries.

Future Perfect Tense

English Grammar for proficiency: The Future&nbsp;Perfect Continuous Tense
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to describe actions that will continue until a point in time in the future.&nbsp; 
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 127.6px; border-width: 1px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 26.2559%;"><col style="width: 73.7441%;"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); height: 42.5334px; vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Affirmative</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will + have + been + Ving</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="height: 42.5334px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Negative</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will + not + have + been + Ving </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.2667px;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 42.5334px; background-color: rgb(248, 251, 252); vertical-align: middle; border-width: 1px;">Question</td>
<td style="height: 21.2667px; border-width: 1px;">Will + I/You/He/She/It/We/They + have + been + Ving </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100.568%; height: 330.8px; border: 1px solid #E6EBEF;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; background-color: rgb(250, 251, 252); border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Example</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Short Form </td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+ </td>
<td>I will have been sleeping.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">I'll have been sleeping.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; He will have been sleeping.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">He'll havebeen sleeping.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 74.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">&minus; </td>
<td>She will not have been sleeping.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">She won't have&nbsp;been sleeping.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(241, 196, 15);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; They will not have been sleeping.</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 37.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">They won't have been sleeping.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.3px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">+? </td>
<td>Will you have been sleeping?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(203, 212, 245);">
<td style="width: 44.2022%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp; Will we have been sleeping?</td>
<td style="width: 43.5466%; height: 36.65px; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px; text-align: left;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &ndash;&ndash;</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.65px;">
<td style="width: 12.2528%; height: 73.25px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;" rowspan="2">-? </td>
<td>Will you not have been sleeping?</td>
<td style="height: 36.65px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Won't you have been sleeping?</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.6px;">
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 44.2022%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">&nbsp; Will we not have been sleeping?</td>
<td style="height: 36.6px; width: 43.5466%; border-color: rgb(230, 235, 239); border-width: 1px;">Won't we have been sleeping?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 98.3917%; border-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(250, 252, 253);" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px; width: 0.962464%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px; width: 99.0375%;">Time Expressions </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-width: 0px; width: 0.962464%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border-width: 0px; width: 99.0375%;">by, for, by the time,&nbsp;when, by next week, by next month, by next year, by the end of, in </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Usage </h2>
It is used when talking about events or actions that started in the past and will continue until a certain time in the future.
・He will have been waiting for us. 
・By next year, she will have been studying French for five years. 
・We will have been expecting for nine months when the baby is born. 
・In two years, I will have been teaching at this school for a decade. 
・By the end of the day, I will have been waiting for her for two hours.
・Next year, they will have been developing the software for three years.
・How long will she have been studying French by the end of next year? 
・By the time he retires, he will have been working at the company for 30 years.